See suzerain on Wiktionary
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"text": "Suzerainty is a term which was originally used for the relation between the feudal lord and his vassal; the lord was said to be the suzerain of the vassal, and at that time suzerainty was a term of Constitutional Law only. With the disappearance of the feudal system, suzerainty of this kind likewise disappeared. Modern suzerainty involves only a few rights of the suzerain State over the vassal State which can be called constitutional rights. The rights of the suzerain State over the vassal are principally international rights, of whatever they may consist.",
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"text": "Slavery flourished, and absolute centralisation of power did not permit European-style feudalism until very late and only in some cases. “The Eurasian dichotomy of suzerain versus subject left little room in between.”",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-suzerain.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-suzerain.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "suzerain"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:International law",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "suzerainship"
},
{
"word": "suzerainty"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"suzerain",
"suzerain#French"
],
[
"sus",
"sus#French"
],
[
"sursum",
"sursum#Latin"
],
[
"souverain",
"souverain#French"
],
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign#English"
]
],
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"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "suzerain"
},
"expansion": "French suzerain",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sursum"
},
"expansion": "Latin sursum",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sovereign"
},
"expansion": "English sovereign",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French suzerain, based on sus (“up, above”) (from Latin sursum) with the ending of souverain (whence also English sovereign).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suzerains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "suzerain (plural suzerains)",
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}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"su",
"ze",
"rain"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"suz",
"erain"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
108
]
],
"ref": "1911, “Punic Wars”, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, volume 22, New York, N.Y.: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., page 649:",
"text": "The origin of these conflicts is to be sought in the position which Rome acquired about 275 b.c. as suzerain and protector of all Italy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
140
],
[
173,
181
],
[
268,
276
],
[
321,
329
],
[
366,
374
],
[
464,
472
]
],
"ref": "1920–1921, L[assa Francis Lawrence] Oppenheim, edited by Ronald F. Roxburgh, International Law: A Treatise, 3rd edition, volume I (Peace), London; New York, N.Y.: Longman, Green and Co., page 162:",
"text": "Suzerainty is a term which was originally used for the relation between the feudal lord and his vassal; the lord was said to be the suzerain of the vassal, and at that time suzerainty was a term of Constitutional Law only. With the disappearance of the feudal system, suzerainty of this kind likewise disappeared. Modern suzerainty involves only a few rights of the suzerain State over the vassal State which can be called constitutional rights. The rights of the suzerain State over the vassal are principally international rights, of whatever they may consist.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dominant nation or state that has control over the international affairs of a subservient state which otherwise has domestic autonomy."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"dominant",
"dominant"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"international",
"international"
],
[
"affairs",
"affairs"
],
[
"subservient",
"subservient"
],
[
"domestic",
"domestic"
],
[
"autonomy",
"autonomy"
]
],
"qualifier": "international politics",
"raw_glosses": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
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164,
172
]
],
"ref": "2026 August 29, Charles Clover, “Russia vs the west”, in FT Weekend (Life & Arts section), London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 9:",
"text": "Slavery flourished, and absolute centralisation of power did not permit European-style feudalism until very late and only in some cases. “The Eurasian dichotomy of suzerain versus subject left little room in between.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feudal landowner to whom vassals were forced to pledge allegiance."
],
"links": [
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"landowner",
"landowner"
],
[
"vassal",
"vassal"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"allegiance",
"allegiance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A feudal landowner to whom vassals were forced to pledge allegiance."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈs(j)uzəˌɹeɪ̯n/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-suzerain.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zōngzhǔguó",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "宗主國 /宗主国"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zōngzhǔ",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "宗主"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "herravaltio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suzerain"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Oberherr"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Oberstaat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Suzerän"
},
{
"alt": "そうしゅこく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "sōshukoku",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "宗主国"
},
{
"alt": "宗主國",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jongjuguk",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "종주국"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sjuzerén",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сюзере́н"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"word": "hükümran"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "sjuzerén",
"sense": "dominant nation or state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сюзере́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sjuzerén",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сюзере́н"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lensherre"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"word": "suzereno"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"word": "suzerain"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lehnsherr"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-çhiarn"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suzeren"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suserano"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sjuzerén",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сюзере́н"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"word": "länsherre"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "sjuzerén",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сюзере́н"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "feudal landowner",
"word": "chúa"
}
],
"word": "suzerain"
}
{
"categories": [
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"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"suserain",
"suserain#Old_French"
],
[
"suzerain",
"suzerain#Old_French"
],
[
"sus",
"sus#Old_French"
],
[
"soverain",
"soverain#Old_French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
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},
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{
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"5": "",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French suserain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "suserain"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French suserain",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French suserain, suzerain, derived from sus (“on top, above”) by analogy with soverain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suzerains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "suzerain m (plural suzerains)",
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}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "vassal"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
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"#English"
],
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"#English"
],
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/syz.ʁɛ̃/"
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-suzerain.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-suzerain.wav.mp3",
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},
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"note": "Somain",
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"tags": [
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"word": "suzerain"
}
{
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"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "suzerainement"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"suserain",
"suserain#Old_French"
],
[
"suzerain",
"suzerain#Old_French"
],
[
"sus",
"sus#Old_French"
],
[
"soverain",
"soverain#Old_French"
]
],
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"3": "I"
},
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"name": "yesno"
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{
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{
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},
"expansion": "Old French suserain",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "suserain"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French suserain",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French suserain, suzerain, derived from sus (“on top, above”) by analogy with soverain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suzeraine",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "suzerains",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suzeraines",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French relational adjectives"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "vassal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suzerain"
],
"links": [
[
"suzerain",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) suzerain"
],
"tags": [
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/syz.ʁɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-suzerain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-suzerain.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-suzerain.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
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"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-suzerain.wav",
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"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-suzerain.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-suzerain.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "suzerain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for suzerain meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.